Starlink Standard (Gen 3)
The Dish
The Starlink Standard Gen 3 uses a very basic kickstand by default to prop the Dish (also known as the Terminal) at the perfect 20 Degree angle towards the Sky, which is important for the stability of the connection. It has a single port on the bottom, which runs a wire from the Dish directly into the router.
The Router
The router is what supplies power to the dish and ensures that all traffic is sent directly to the Router. This is sometimes problematic, as if you wanted to use your own third-party router, the customer would have to plug their third-party router into one of the two available Ethernet ports on the back of the Starlink router, and enable "Bypass Mode" on the Starlink.
The Power Supply
As we mentioned before, the Router is what powers the Starlink Standard Gen 3 Dish. The router receives this power from the AC power adapter brick that connects the router to a wall outlet. The cable runs directly from a standard AC outlet to the power brick, which runs directly to the router. Once the entire system is set up, it looks something like the image below.

The method in which the Starlink Gen 3 is wired is straightforward, as it is effectively a single line of cables running directly from the wall to the AC power adapter, the AC power adapter to the Router, then the router to the Dish.
This poses an issue, however, when something fails. The AC Power adapter of the Starlink Standard Gen 3 has proven to be sensitive to power fluctuations, and if the AC adapter or something along this line fails, it may prove difficult to determine what part needs to be replaced, repaired, or RMA'd.
The Starlink Standard (Gen 4)
The Dish
The Dish is by far the most similar, and truthfully, may even be the same. Between the Standard Gen 3, the Standard Gen 4, and the Standard Gen 4X, the dimensions are the same, the weight is the same, and as far as we know, the internals are the same too.
The differences come from the other components that come with it.
The Power Supply
To begin with, the Dish is no longer connected directly to the router. Instead, the AC power adapter functions as a POE (Power Over Ethernet) adapter, and has two Ethernet Ports on the end of the Power Brick. The Power Brick runs directly from a standard power outlet to the Power Box. From the two Ethernet ports on the other end of the power box, the left port is plugged directly into the Starlink Standard Gen 4 dish, which powers the dish even when there is no router connected. The right Ethernet port connects to the included Gen 4 router.
The Router
The Router that comes with the Starlink Standard Gen 4 is actually a Starlink Router mini. It is smaller than the older Gen 3 standard router, with fewer antennas, which results in the router mini being able to cover roughly half the area that the Gen 3 standard router did. While it still offers Wi-Fi 6 features, it is only a dual-band router as opposed to the Gen 3 Standard router, which was a tri-band router.

It should be noted that if you don't want the smaller Mini Router, the Starlink Standard Gen 4X is identical to the Gen 4, however instead of a Mini Router, it comes with the faster Standard router that offers a larger coverage area.
While the wiring is a little different, the primary difference and benefit is the improved power supply. It should be more durable and less sensitive compared to the older power supply, and because of the new wiring method, it should be easier to troubleshoot and discover what part of the system is encountering problems in the case an issue that does occur.
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